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t, «Tlotleration
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VOL. L
ALBANY, BAKER COUNTY, GEORGIA, APRIL 33, 1846.
l-r
NO. 2.
THE PATRIOT,
i« prsustizn evert weoxesdat roetohj, by
NELSON TIFT & SETH N. BOUBHTON,
Editors and Proprietors.
, •; h TEEMS.
. TWO. DoUan per innum, if paid in advance, or
Three Dollar* at the end of tlio year.
Advertisements not exceeding twelve linos, will
bo inserted at One Dollar for the tim insertion, and
fifty —far each continuance. Advertisements
not having die number of insertions specified, will
be published until forbidf „
Baler ci Land and Negroes by Executor*, Adminis
trators and Guardians, arc required by law to he
advertised in a public gazette, sixty days previous to
the diy of nip.
k The sales of Personal Property must be advertised
' in like manner fatty days.
Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an estate must
bC a t £ffi d X,. mill be — J - — the Court
of Odimry fo^eave to sell land and Negroes, must
be published weekly for lour months.
Monthly Advertisements, One Dollar per square,
for each insertion.
ST AD Letters on business must be post paid.
MISCELLANY.
autograph of ibe Secretary of Police, while
in Paris, which proved of great service lo
me, while wending inv way, dny or liiglit,
through (he city, and at.placcs of public
resort; the ngenis knew 1 possessed this
secret'protection, and 1 was respected ac
cordingly wherever I went; foi in having
that autograph, I could command the im
mediate service of one and nil the police at
any moment in-Paris. Hence I hid no
fear of entering any place, or of being out
late at night, or even crossing the bridges
at midnight, from which my friends often
caulionccTnic, as being very’dangerous, as
they were the 1* rking places of robbers and
assassins. In all my rambles, however, in
and nrouna Paris, i was not in any one in
stance, ever molested, or received nn insult
ing word; nor did. I, in all tlie timc, sec
any one intoxicated, or one asking aims;
smiles of contentment seemed to pervade
every countenance, rich or poor, all ap
peared satisfied, as if tme happiness and
contentment reigned within its walls, al
though
A motley group throughout the streets pervail,
And pleasure revels, though their funds should fail.
Prom the Philadelphia Saturday Courier.
Notes of Travel,
In England and on the Continent.
BY JOHN H. SHERBURNE,
AUTHOR OP “ LIFE OF rAUL JONES,”
“NAVAL SKETCHES,” ETC.
Of the great number of touists who an
nually visit England and the Continent of
Europe, I feel convinced there arc at least
one third who leave the United States with
out any settled plan, without any fixed re
solve as to their ultimate place of destina
tion, leaving lo chance, when they arrive,
or to tho advice of their friends, the choice
of their future movements. Now, it un
fortunately happens that every person who
has travelled takes his or her own particu
lar view, forms his or her own particular
opinion of the gaiety, the dullness, the
cheapness or the extravagance of the dif
ferent cities and towns they may happen
to visit, an inequality of fortune or of health
often giving a bias, and coloring with gloom
or brightness the different cities of magni
tude they may be questioned about. To
obviate, in some measure, these conflicting
modes of obtnining informa*ion. the “ Pen
ciling! Mroad” have been thrown hastily
together, to point out the expenses lo the
economical traveller, the curiosities lo be
seen by tho more inquisitive visitor, and to
give a general view of society, and arrange
ments which may be obtained in the prev
ious and future numbers, by the more light
hearted voyager. Add to this, the best
modes of travelling, and other subjects
interesting to those who may wish to re
main abroad one or more years. Such is
now the great facility of travelling in Eng
land and on the Continent, and the moder
ate fare from place to place, that an eco
nomical tourist, who has had some little
experience in travelling, and acquainted
somewhat with what is termed (he dignity
of human nature, and feels a pride in ac ■
knovvledging himself an American,—such
a person, at this time can, for about $601),
visit every capital in Europe, all England,
Scotland, ana Ireland, and make a pilgrim
age to the Holy Land. The greatest ex
pense at fAit time is in crossing the Atlantic,
which will be soon obviated by the running
of French steamers, when the competition
between the English and French steamers,
and the numerous packet ships,*will ant
must unquestionably reduce the present
exorbitant rates to one third, or possibly one
half, which will permit all persons then of
moderate means and income, and of an
economical turd, to have the pleasing satis
faction of visiting the Old World. *
In 1835, a man would have been thought
insane, if he had prophesied that in 1845
a person could leave JVew York, and in
fourteen days mp hi* wine in Paris, Brus
sels, Rotterdam, $c., via Liverpool, and Lon
don; yet we see it easily accomplished,
without much fatigue. At this time, a
person may dine in London to-day, and to
morrow dine on the field of IVaterloo, Brus
sels, Rotterdam at Dublin; or, can break
fast in London, and dins on BomoarthfeU,
4-c; and ail for a trifling expense, which
will be given in dollars and cents, and the
mode or conveyance; &c., in a future
number, pro bono publico.
All the Cafes, Restaurants, Public Gar
dens, Theatres, Balls, Gaming Ilonses,—
is fact, all places of public resort in Paris,
have spies, under pay, of the Prefecture de
in order to mark their stas, and watch their
movements thereafter. - The English and
Spaniards are very closely watched; but
the Americans, from the time our Minister,
General Cass, took up his residence in Paris,
ars seldnmnoticed by these police agents;
can go and come when lhey please, and at
•8 bouflfc without a- question ,* for at this
time the Frenchman looks upon an Ameri
can «s wfirtend, try ** make : his time fnm
agreeably when in theur country,' and will
much out of their way to A© him a
vor. Through i^N^hce of jU mflo.
ential Mend, I was furnished with the
Cultivation of Cuba Tobacco.
By request of some of our friends, we have
commenced tiic publication of Mr. Hernan
dez’ Letter on the cultivation of Cuba To
bacco, and although some of ottr readers
inny have seen it before, wc deem it unne
cessary to apologise for publishing it for the
benefit of those who hare not. The sub
ject is one of much importance, and all of
our planters who have not read it, should
give it an attentive perusal.
Copy oj a letter from Joseph Jll. Hernandez,
Esq., to Dr. IVm. II. Simmons, dated
Mala-Compra, 15ih April, 1831).
Dear Sir,—I have delayed this commu
nication on the culture of Cuba tobacco
longer than I ought, but as youarc acquain
tedWith the multiplicity of engagements
that have constantly occupied my atten
tion, I trust that you will excuse ine.
The first thing to be considered in this,
ns in every other culture, is the soil, which
for this kind of tobacco ought to be of a rich
sandy loam, neither too high nor too low ;
that is, ground capable of retaining mois
ture. The more level the better, and if
possible well protected by margins. The
next should be the selection ol a spot of
ground to made the necessary hods.
It would be preferable to make these on
land newly cleared, or ut nil events, where
the land lias not been seeded with grass;
for grass seeds springing up together with
the tobacco, would injure it materially, ns
the grass cannot be removed without dis
turbing the tobacco plants. In preparing
the ground for the nurseries, break it up
properly, grub up all tho small stumps, dig
out the roots, and carefully remove them
with the hand ; this being* done, make the
beds from three to four inches high, of a
reasonable length, and from three to three
and a half feet broad, so as to enable the
hand, at arm’s length, to weed out the ten
der young plants with the fingers from both
sides of the bed, and keep them pctfectly
clean.
The months of December and January
arc the most pro|>cr for sowing the seed in
this country*—some persons speakof plan
ting it ns enrly as the month of November;
I am, however, oi opinion that about the
latter part of December is the best time lo
sow tobacco seed : any sooner would ex
pose the plants to suffer from the inclemen
cy of the most severe part of our winter
season. Before tho seed is sown, take some
dry trash and burn it off upon the necessary
beds, to destroy insects and grass seeds;
then take one ounce of tobacco seed and
■nix it with about a quail of dry ashes, so
as to separate the seed ns much as possible,
and sow it broad cast. After the seed has
been thus sown, the surface of the bed
ought to be raked over slightly and trodden
upon by the foot, carrying the whole weight
or the body with it, that the ground may
at once adhere closely to the seed, and
then water it. Should the nursery beds
apparently become dry from blighting winds
or other causey watering will be absolutely
necessary; for the ground onght to hie
kept in a moist state from the time the seed
is planted until the young plants are large
'iMUfh to be set out.
The nurseries being made, proceed to
prepare the land where the tobacco is to be
set out. If the land is newly cleared, (and
new land is probably more favorable to the
production of this plant than it is to that of
any other both as respects, quality and
quantity,) remove as many of the stumps
other effect than that of removing the earth
still more from them. Should the land be
such as to admit of being worked with tlfe
plough, it ought certainly to he prefered to
the common hoe. The plough, however,
should be excluded after the plants ore set
out. - ■
Tltc ground having been prepared and
properly leveled off, and the plants sufli-
cicntly grown to be taken up, say of the
size of good cabbage plants, lake ad van
tage of t lie first wet or cloudy weather to
commence setting them out. * This should
be done with -gicat care, and the plants
put single atequal distances; (bat is about
three feet North and South, and two and a
half or two and three-fourths feel East and
West. They are placed thusclosc to each
other, to prevent the leaves growing too
large. The direction of the rows however,
should alter according to the situation of
the land, where it had any inclination the
widest space should run across it, and the
beds will have to be made, so as to prevent
the soil being washed from the roots by-
rain, when bedded ; but, where the land is
rather level, the three feet rows should be
North and South, so as to give the plants
a free circulation of air, and that the sun
may have a more full.effect on tlicm by
passing across the beds, than bv crossing
tlicm in an oblique direction. To set the
plants cut regularly, lake a task line of 105
feet in length, witfi a pointed slick three
feet long attached to each end of it, then
insert a small piece of rag or something else
through the line at the distance of two feet
and three-fourths from each other, place it
North and South, (or as the land may re
quire,) at full length, and then set a plant
er system, would hardly be needed—do we not take
a hasty retrospect of soma of the causes that are con
stantly in operation to prevent the great maos ot the
icople in Great Britain tmm changing their condition
or the better 1—Phil. Saturday Courier.
A -Vorft Carolina Baby !—We have justseen one
of the greatest natural curiosities of the day, viz:
s child who win not be eight years of age until July
next, and who weighs 117 lbs!—more than the cel
ebrated Daniel Lambert weighed at the same age.
He measures round the waist 46 inches—round the
hips 47—the thighs 26—the knees 18—neck I7J—.
arm his height is 4 feet Si inihes! In the develops-
ment of his mind and in his manners, he has all the
childish simplicity of ordinary lads of his age, and is
'leased exactly with what usually delights children,
t looks odd to soe snch a lamp of flesh, chuckling
ever anew toy, or a colored marble, but a moment's
examination will satisfy any one, that be is the
mere child he soems to be. llis uameli Ja-qicr Jack-
son ; be is a native of Orange county, and ie the
eon of poor, but very respectable parents.
Mr. William Stringer, of this city, has made
engagement with his lather, and left here yesterday
for the Northern cities, with a view of exhibiting
him to the public. He is a curiosity that wilt vie
with Tom Thumb and Major Chaffiin.and wiU be so
pronounced by all who visit him.—Ralicgh Register.
tit every division, carefully keeping the bud
of the plant above the surface of the ground.
Then remove the line three feel from the
first row, and so on until the planting is
completed. Care ought lo lie taken to pre
vent the stretching of the line from mispla
cing the plants. In this way the plants
can be easily set out, and a proper direction
given to them both ways. In taking the
plants up from the nursery, the ground
should be first loosened with a flat peice of
wood or iron, about an inch broad; then
carefully holding the leaves closed towards
each other, between the fingers, draw them
up, and place them in a basket or some
other convenient thing, to receive them for
planting. After taking up those which
can be planted during tne day, water the
nursery that the earth may again adhere to
the remaining ones. The. evening is the
best time for setting out the plants, but
where a large field lias to be cultivated it
will be well to plant both morning and eve
ning. The plants set out in the morning,
unless in rainy or cloudy weather, should
be covered immediately, and the same
should be done with those planted the eve
ning previous, should the day open with
a clear sunshine—the palmetto leaf an
swers l his purpose very well. There should
be water convenient to the plants, so ns to
have them watered morning and evening,
but more particularly in the evening, until
they have taken root* They should also
be closely examined when watered so as to
replace such plants ns happen to die, that
the ground may be properly occupied, and
that all the plants may ripen as nearly to.
gethcr as possible.
( To be continued )
* It is hence generally necessary that wells shonM
be sunk at convenient distances through the field.
Thrilling incident.—The Rev. Dr. Becclicr, in an
article which he recently furnished for the Young
Reader, tells the following touching story:
“A few years since, as the Rev. Joseph Davis,
an excellent Baptist minister in Iranian, was walk
ing along cue of the crowded streets of that city, his
attention was arrested by the circumstance tint a
carriage w ith several horses, was just about to pass
over a little girl who was slowly crossing tlie road,
lie strongly trlt the danger of the child, and forget
ting his own, lie ran, snatched her up in hia anus,
ana hastened with her to the side path, when the
thonght struck him—what would the parents of this
dear child have felt tad she been kitted! At this
moment bo looked in the face of the little girl, which
liail keen concealed trom his view by her bonnet—
and imagine, if you can, his feelings he discovered
that it was hU own daughter! I saw him about
Itall an hour after the occurrence, and I shall never
forget his agitation as he described to me her dan
ger, or his expression of thankfulness toon iulinito’y
gracious Being who thus delivered his beloved child
trem death!”
Interesting to Planters.
Now that the prices of cotton are below
a fair remuneration for tho labor of raising
and preparing it for market, and when it is
now ascertained that there is a scarcity of
Fork, which will materially enhance the
price, will not our intelligent planters take
the hint which is here furnished—increase
and improve iheirstock Of hogs, and render
themselves independent of the >Vcst fer
their'future.supplies of this indispensable
article of subsistence P
We extract the following from the April
No. of the Cultivator.
We sec it stated in various papers that
the amount packed at Cincinna'tti last year
was less.by one third than for the year pre
vious. Ai St. Louts, ti ts said, the decrease
is still grater; and through the (State of
Illinois there is said to have been a falling
off of from a third to onc-hnlf. In Ohio tho
falling off was much greater, as w'c arc in
formed, at the interior slaughtering places,
tiian at Cincinuatu. In the Scioto valley,
for instance, where the number slaughtered
in nine places, in 1843, was 12I,8U0, tho
number for 1844 is only 48,350.”
Beautiful Sugar.—The new process is
working wonders in the sugar of Loiibiiuin.
Wo have at oup office a sample of three
hundred packages, made on one plantation,
which is whiter, and on tho whole more
beautiful than any sugar eveT imported
from the West Indies. The expense of the
new process is no more than that of tho
old, except for machinery. This parcel of
sugar was received at Philadelphia, and
most of it sold there at 91 cts. pr. lb. A
small portion of it lias been brought on hero
and. sold for 9) a 9) cts. pr. lb. The high
est sale of St Croix sugar yet made, was at
91 cts.—JV. Y. Journal of Commerce.
Buffalo, April 3.
Terrible Flood on Niagara Rites.—An
We give the following extract from an
address to the Harford county Agricultural ,. ...
c - , I r , . extraordinary excitement has prevailed at
Society, by Ralph R. I’hclps, Esq., and Quecnslon and Lewiston for the last three
commend ti to the attention of every Pa
rent.
... , and roots as possible, and dig upthe ground
olice, who dress os gentlemen, engage in jntuch a manner as to render the surface
il amusements, sing, and sip their wine, perfectly leoei; then level the ground,
without exciting the leatt suspicion, and and in this stale leave it until the nureerv
freely converae on any and every euhject, plants have acquired about one half the
growth necessary to admit of tbeir being
set out. Then break up the ground a se
cond time in the same manner as at first,
as in this way all the small fibres of roots
their rooted ports will be more or less
separated, and thus obviate much of that
degree of sponginess so common to new
land, arid which is in a great measure the
catiee of new land seldom producing well
the first year, as the soil does not lay close j JSlarirefyWJy .ysto of gS^S^
The Condition of England.
No intelligent mind can fail to see, that Great Brit
ain has been the scene of many important movements
oflafe: and certainty one of the most striking is the
proposed reduction of import duties to the amount of
£3^310,000 annually. Here isa sum of more than
fifteen millionsof dollars, which the Premier proposes
to reduce. It has created no little wonder among her
own people, and is rarely to be regarded in other na
tions as an indication of the measures which the pre
sent condition of affairs in England requires to be
adopted.
No dweller in these free states can contrast the
condition ot his own country with that of England,
without a feeling of gratitnde that his home has been
permitted an this side of the Atlantic. The annual
expenses of Great Britain are £48,690,000. The
interest of her public debt alone, is £28^396,000.
Let the political changes be what they may, it has
been well remarked, that there can be no doubt that
Great Britain is rapidly increasing in wealth and in
misery. Her commerce and manufactures are daily
adding to her resources, whilst every year brings
home from her distant colonies thousands who have
father-land. At the same^^^estea^pragress of
events, resulting from the peculiar character of her
institutions, is gradually widening the distance be
tween the wealthy and tne poor, and rapidly increas
ing the. number of the latter. No statesman propo-
posesany plan for the effectual redaction of the pub
lic debt. The idea of its ever being paid is regarded
as chimerical. The time when projects for such an
object were feasible, is acknowledged to have pass
ed away forever. Overs hundred mUUane of doUara
must inconsequence be annually collected to paythe
interest This tax, however it may appear to come
fromotber quarters, is eventually taken tom the pro-
dnetive classes, and in the main goes to those who
live without labor. In addition to this, the law of
primogeniture keeps in individual hands, Gram age to
age, estates that hare increased in value a thousand
times since they were first entailed, and must con
tinue to increase as the country grows in arts, wealth
and population. “His is another of the causes that
is daily widening mere and morethe extremes of
society. And do not the church endow ments, inclu
ding the whole tithing system, have a similar depress*
ing effect t When we add to these cases the op-
it has been a source of complaint with
fanners, that they cannot keep their hoys
at home ; that they must leave the farm
for a profession, a clerkship, a trade, or
even a pcdler’n trunk or cart. This I con
sider a great evil, which demands a reme
dy.”
After speaking of the causes of the evil,
among which he cnuii'crates false ideas of
honor and respcclabhity, “surly, morose,
and scolding habits of parents,” and “the
rough, uncouth, and comlortlcss appear-
oncc of many farmer’s houses ana out
buildings,” Mr. P. Mocccds to point out a
remedy as follows:
“ Let no farmer’s wife think her children
too good to labor; bu , on the contrary, let
her strive early to fix habits of industry.
Let every mother leach her sons, that
while labor on the farm is honorable, idle
ness, ignorance and vice alone bring re-
f iroach. And when this lesson is thorough-
y impressed on the mind of her son, and
corresponding habits are formed, that son
will be likely to make an efficient man and
useful citizen, whether he be following a
profession, or be engaged in the more safe
und more pleasant pursuit of agriculture.
But when the mother, without this lesson,
and without iheso habits, undertakes to
make her son-a gentlemen, she is for more
likely to make him a loafer.
“Let parents labor to give their children
a good education. Let the absurd ration,
that a farmer needs no education, be ban
ished from every dwelling. There is no
pursuit, where intelligence, and a well cul
tivated, and a well dtciplined mind is more
necessary', than in the proper management
of the farm. Let the mind be enlarged by
a knowledge of history, political economy,
and especially the sciences connected with
agriculture. Let the young farmer enrich
his mind by general reading. Let him
thoroughly understand our political institu
tions; ana be able to judge of his political
rights and duties, without the aid of some
demagogue, who had rather devote his
time to watching over the public interests,
than to the pursuit of honest industry.—
In short, let the farmer Jte able to reason
to examine and to judge for himself, ant l
he will soon take the elevated rank in so
ciety to which his calling entitles him, and
will no longer have the opportunity of com
plaining that professional men nave too
much influence. This will have a great
tendency to attach farmer’s sons to their
homes and to their farms.”
Quecnslon and Lewiston for the last three
days. The ice has disappeared from here
with great rapidity. Such have been its
movements over the Niagara Falls, accom-
tauied with a strong north wind, that tho
Niagara River has been completely block
ed up. The ice there yesterday, within u
mile of the Falls, was forty feet high I Iu
the rapid course or the ice, every thing on
the h’harvcs at Quccnsfon and Lewiston,
has been swept off, with the contents of tho
store houses.
At Youngstown, it has cleared off every
house neur the wharves, and the steam
flour mill has gone with it, with some 80
barrels of flour and a large lot of potash in
store (here. j. , ■
The damage, all round, is not far from
$100,000.—Cor. Rochester Democrat.
enough tothe roots of the plants growing i time of Mace more th.n £16,000,000,
knit? «0thata shower of rain produces no motions of dolbis,for the purpose of war, aflof'..
I fa annually expended on * the army, navjr, andord-
* Florida. I nance, maintaining a body of men, who, under anoth-
TTie British Navy, according to the Register, em
braces 490 mounted war vessels, besides 203 strain
ships. These vessels carry 16,649 guns, to ray no*
thing of muskets sabres, enthuses, Ac., and this
number may be indefinitely increased according to
exigencies. The Royal service has 186 Admirals
rear admirals and vice admirals; 718 Captains,
1,631 Lieutenants, and 30,000 sailors. The marine
corps numbers 40,000.
Thai hate targe specimens in Kentucky.—The
LovisviUe Journal ray* that Mbs Browning, the Ken
tucky Giantess, has arrived in that city and can be
at Washington Hall. MbsB. is seven feet
weighs nearly throe hundred pounds, and is
The Mormons.—The St. Louis Rcportct
says; We learn from the Warsaw Signal,
that “ most of the friends of Rigdon, who
still remain in Nauvoo, have been despoiled
of their property, and live in constant fear
of their lives. One of these, Elder Marks,
a man of wealth, fled from the city lost,
week, in the night. Ot 1 cts are anxious to
go but are afraid to avow it. A young man
—a printer, by the name of Peck, well
known in Quincy—was knocked dowri not
long since, in the streets of Nauvoo; and
after being shamefullv abused, a bucket of
filth was poured over him. His offence was
in having raid that he wished it were in
h»- power to prick the veins of the Twelve.*
Cotton tor Beds.—The 8outhron, published ai
Jackson Mississippi, contains some remarks cn the
advantages of cotton for bedding. These advantages
may be summed up as follows:—It is claimed that
“it is the cheapest, most comfortable, and moat
healthy material for bedding that b known to tho
ciriilixed world.” In addition to these, maybe na
med superior deaniinest; there b no grease in it, as
in hair or wool—-it does not get stale, and acquire an
unpleasant odor, as feathers do—moths do not. infest
it ss they do wool—it does not pack and become
hard, as moss docs—nor docs it become dry, brittle,
and dusty, as do straw or husks—and it fa in many
cases medicinal. It fa raid not to cause that lassi
tude and incritia which fa produced by sleeping on
feathers. People not acquainted with it, have sup
posed they had Wn steeping on the best feathers,
when, in fact, their beds were made of cotton
Geological Deffinitions.
The primitive earths are four; cby, sand, limn
and magnesia.
Cky w called by geologists, alumina, alumninc,
1 argilaceous wtfii
Sand b called ailex, aflkbns earth, earth of fltots.
Lime, as it exists in the soil, b commonly called
calcareous earth. The term calcareous b not prop
erly applied to any soil unless it will effervesce with
Each of these earths, answer a determinate, and
in ths economy and growth of plants,
on of soil lies in a mixtare of the
Vegetable umpcr.—AD vegetable substances in a
decaying or nAtcn state.
Animal matter.—All animal substances in a putri-
fying state.
Organic matter.—A term applicable to both animal
and vegetable substances in a nutrifying state.
Vegetable mould.—the earthy remains of vegeta
ble substances which lfave eithar grown and decayed
on the soD, or have been conveyed tfaftfasriftthe jsw-
Loamb a combination of vegetable mould with
tho primitive earths. _
Mari is a substance consisting of litoe with a small
. t , ,r. t portion of chy, and somMinoa of peat, With httripn
The bill before the New York Legislature, “to sud and aninfal remains. It b useful as manure,
punish persona who appear in public ditgkiscd^' fs and b distinguished by shell, day and stcoe nfaHi 1.
to be attended to those who wsar mustaches. Sciithem Cuhttmor
