The field and fireside. (Marietta, Ga.) 1877-18??, October 16, 1877, Image 1

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The field and fireside., October 16, 1877, Image 1

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Newspaper Page TextTHE FIELD AND FIRESIDE. Vol. I. (The;field awl furaih'. IM BI INIIKD BY X. <3-. CAMPBELLicCO. OFFICE IX I'll K 01,11 I*KIXTIX<; OFFK 'K Building, Powder Springs Street, Mari etta Georgia. X>AVII> IRWIN. W. A. I*. M'cLATCItKY. T. 11. IRWIN. Irwin. McClatchey & Irwin, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Will pruetiee in the Blue Bidge, Koine, and ('oweta (’ircuits. Marietta. March 13, 1877. lv WXI. T. WINN. 11.1.. J. WINN. W. T. A \,F.nV.INX, illorni'ys at i . M VIMKTTA. G KOKGI A. Mareli 13,1877. ty .1, E. .M OS ELY, Allorney :ii l.:nv. ii| 11.1, attend to all I nisi lies , eon tided \\ to him in t 'olili and adjacent eon li lies. Offick —in Met lateliey's Build ing. up stairs. Marietta. March 13, 1877. Out E. Mi ALLEN, ’QiSSf? CM' more than twenty years. <ll A IKIES K KASOX A IM F.. Of fick— North side of Public Square. Marietta, March 13, 1877. lv OIL G. TENNENT. Practicing I'hysifinii. Otliee (.in < aijsville street. —llesi- tlenee on Olierokee street. Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly OIL E. J. SETZE, Physician ant! Kiir^eoii, iriAKXDKKS liis professional services 1 in the practice of Medicine in all its branches to the citizens of Marietta and surrounding country. ' Miice at the Drug Store of Win. Boot. inch 13 ly R. W. GABLE, boot m i- mmm - AND REPAIRER. powder spring street, MARIETTA. GEORGIA. Work done at very low prices, ami w ar ranted. Mnreli 1, 1577. Haley Brothers, CHEROKEE STREET, ■<* Dealers In 4iI((X'KHIKS, PROVISIONS, AN I. GEN' ERA T. M ERCII ANDIZE. Marietta, On., March Id, 1N77. ly M. H. Lyon, ( II ERO K E E ST R E ET, i tvißitv gidmiiciiiv .And dealer in ('GENTRY I’RODI CE. Marietta, March 13,1577. Jy VI. T. GRIST, CHEROKEE STREET. Mil anil Harness Maker AND REPAIRER. Alarietta, Geo.. March 13, 1877. ly CONTRACTOR ANT) isi iiavcis. riAIIK undersigned continues hishusi -1 ness of Brick Making, Stone and Brick Building, and is prepared at any time to take contracts on the most reas onable terms,and toexeentethem in the most satisfactory' manner. If. B. \V A I. LIS. Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly House Building and Repairing. SASH, BLINDS, DOORS EIMSIIED TO ORDER. Lumber of all kinds, and til the lowest prices, for sale, rilhankful for the lil.eral patronage 1 hitherto, the snliscrilter would state tliat lie is fully prepared In contract for the erection of Buildings, and to exe cute the contracts in the most satisfacto ry manner. SHOP, south side I’uhlh Stpiare. March, 1877. I.EMI EL BLACK. L. S. NORTIICUTT, DEALER IN I'tum ami DRY GOODS, SHOES AND NOTIONS, Ac. I ottny'n ()!</ (Jorncr. Marietta. Marchl.'l, 1877. 1> Agriniltutal. Scientific Kiirming. BV WILLIAM Ft’LLKRTON. The necessary steps towards an improved husbandry are: 1. To cultivate less land. ’2. To make that which is cultivated rich in plant food, so that it may produce large crops. •>. The practice of a rigid system of rotation of crops and mixed farming. 4. The ettl that ion of the grasses and less of tin* cereals, and feeding upon the farm the most of its produets. 5. liaising clover and enriching the land by turning under green crops. I believe that the faithful prac lice of such a system of tillage would, in ten years, increase the value of real estate one hundred per cent., and place the farming' population in an independent con dition. The advantage in small farms can scarcely be overestima ted. France is an eminent exam ple of (his, and she is to day the wonder of the world. With a territory not equal lo one-fif teenth of our Slates, and but lit tie greater than Texas, she raises nearly double the wheat produc ed by the United States, and. be sides supporting a population of nearly forty millions, her exports for 1875 exceeded our own. This till arises out of the fact that her farms average less than 60 acres, and are made to produce to the full extent of their capacity. All observation and experience go to show that those sections of the country are the most prosperous where a mixed system of farming prevails. The farmer who finds in his own garners that which is needed to supply his daily wants is far removed from the vexations and losses attendant upon outside purchases which so severely tax his means. II is not unfrequent ly the case, when he produces but a single article for (he market, that il commands a price which but poorly compensates him for his labor, while he has to pay ex orbit ant prices for I hat which he is compelled to purchase. This is “selling the hide for a penny, and buying back the tail for a shilling, ’’ which surely is not a profitable transaction. Mixed ag rieulture necessarily leads to a system of rotation of crops which is the key lo successful farming. That there is a vast recuperative power in lands where a succession of different crops is grown no one can deny in the light of univer sal experience. Thousands of those who have hitherto devoted themselves to a single production such as cotton, tobacco or grain, now acknowledge their error. Successive crops of the same character exhaust lands of the food they require, with great ra pidity. The aid which nature so freely renders where crops rotate is withheld in such a system of cultivation, because the farmer is violating her laws. To tight a gainst nature is to war at fearful odds, and il is not difficult to fore cast the result. To work in har mony with her, insures a compar atively easy victory. One of the most beautiful of Iter provisions is that while one crop exhausts the soil of that element which en ters most largely into its compo sition, by the operation of some mysterious law, it prepares that same soil for some other crop of a different character. This is a very curious and interesting pro cess of nature, which results im inensely to our advantage, if we accept her aid. As an illustration of this principle, we know that clover does not successfully fol low itself, all hough it leaves the ground in the best possible con dition for corn or wheat. One crop therefore restores in a meas tire what another lias taken. By raising continuously the same plant you interfere with this beautiful contrivance of nature to rebuild her wasted strength. llow this is done, is imperfectly understood. We do know, how ever, that the deep rooted plants, like clover, will pump from the depths below, for the use of those that grow near the surface, that food which has been carried be yond t Iteir reach. And not only that, this element, when thus brought to tlie surface, slots chem ically upon what it finds there, and renders oluble and available MARIETTA, GEORGIA, OCTOBER I<, 1877. a> plant food what before was in ert and resisted assimilation. Nature, t herefore, will do much of our work for tis if we will on ly second her efforts, and give full scope to her beneficent laws. It is, therefore, a question for the farmer to determine whether he will, by a rotation of crops, have his soil enriched by drafts on na ture's treasury, or draw entirely upon his own. Ido not mean to argue that there is nothing for the farmer to do but follow this sys tem of rotation to make his lands productive. Far from it. Hut 1 do argue that he may make na ture a coworker with him in at taining a most desirable end. Change is a prominent feature in nature's economy. (Hit down 1 lie forest of hard-wood and the pines succeed. Again, remove the pines and the hard wood re appears. One kind of grass suc ceeds another and nature supplies the seed. These changes give the soil rest, to the end that the pro cess of re invigoration may go on. Day and night succeed each other, and each performs its particular function in promoting vegetable life. Eternal sunshine would re suit in eternal blight. The fall ing dew brings with it the nitro gen from the air to gladden vege tation. The sun appears. Its light and heat liberate the acids and gasses which enter upon their work of usefulness in preparing a variety of vegetable food. Win ter and summer follow each ot her. Frost disintegrates and renders the earth porous, opening the way for the heat and moisture of sum mer, so that chemical laws may work out their beautiful results. Thus, unceasingly, year after year the silent agencies are at work preparing the eartli for man's use, that it may bring forth abundant ly of everything which is neces sarv for his support. Fish Culture. Il is not every farm that can have* a fish pond on it, but there are many farms that could have them as well as not. Wherever there is a good strong spring to feed il. there a profitable lisli pond can be made. Hundreds of farms have swamps or marshes too low to drain without great ex pense, and fed bv springs, and t hese could lie I timed to profitable account by turning them into lish ponds. We don’t mean profitable in the way of making money, but in saving it. The Hesh of lish is a wholesome diet, better every way than so much fat or measl v pork. We know plenty of farmers who scarcely taste lish from one year to another. Not because they are not fond of fish, but because they can't get them without going some distance after them and pay ingagood price in the bargain. A pond of an acre or so in extent stocked with varieties adapted to the place, would furnish an abuii (lance of the very best of meat, costing nothing to produce it ei tlier. As to the catching, if is only sport, and that part can be safely delegated to the boys or girls. We are sure, also, that such aif institution on the farm would prove one of its chief tit tractions—-if your boys are inelin ed to leave the farm. We write from knowledge in this matter, having in earlier days caught ma ny a nice string” of lish in a pond that was formerly a swamp. During one dry August the own er, with two of his boys,|went in to if with plough, scraper and shovels, and in a short time had a pond of nearly an acre in ex tent. This he stocked with fish common to the sluggish streams of the neighborhood, and procur ed some at a distance; and for years thereafter it proved to be the best acre on the farm.— Ohio runner. Apple Culture in a Nutshell. The following, from an essay by Prof. Beall, of the Michigan Ag ricttll tiral College, are valuable suggestions for apple growers everywhere : A young tree should be treated very much like von would treat a hill of corn. Hoed crops will an swer in a young orchard; sowed crops will do much harm to von rig trees. 1 think it a good plan to keep voting trees mulched, and 1 am not sure but it is the best of all wavs to treat large or old trees as long as they live. Mulch pre vents the rapid evaporation of moisture from the soil, keeps the surface mellow, prevents the soil from often freezing and thawing in winter and hee*nifnsrrt**rheat ed in summer. Whether or not to cultivate trees which have be come well established, depends upon circumstances. I have nev er seen an apple orchard which 1 thought was injured bv too fre quent shallow culture, but this maybe the ease in some places, especially in warm climates or where the soil is deep and verv rich. Whether to cultivate or not can be told by the looks of the trees. It (lit* color of the leaves is good and the growth all tight, and the tree bears well of tine iruit, they are doing well enough even if in grass. Hut if the leaves are pale, the growth of the nnnn al twigs much less than a foot in length on trees sol twelve years, and the fruit small and poor,some thing is the matter, and they are suffering for want of plough, liar row or cultivator, or a heavy mulch or coat of manure, or two or more of these combined. The upper twigs of trees set twelve years ought to grow six to twelve or more inches each year. To judge of the condition of an ap pie tree is much like judging of the condition of sheep in a pas ture. Look at the sheep and not at the pasture. As long as the sheep are plump and fat they are all right. Study, Skill! PATIENCE ANI) ( AI’ITAI,. We have frequently spoken of the need for better work, for high er culture, for enlarged yields, and for the most economical and skillful management. How to reach these, is the point ; that they are necessary is no where disputed. We see plainly that it is by choosing the most desirable branch of fanning, suited lor par tieularsoils, local ions and other controlling circumstances, and stirking to tjiis : study, skill, pa tience and capita! that may be needed. We emphasize capital, because without this til! the rest are unavailing. A tanner without capital is a slave ; with it, he has the means of utilizing till his oth er forces, or capabilities to the utmost. No man now can be a farmer without sufficient capital any more than he can In* a banker a merchant, or a manufacturer. A man may go on to the prairie, or info woods, upon afresh home stead, with very little capital,and worry out a poor living, hut he sells himself to the Government for five years for this privilege, and for that time, until he Inis tlit* patent for his land in his pocket, he is not a freeman, but is in its bonds ; but to go into the bnsi ness of farming profitably, capi t;il is needed. When the part icu lar branch is chosen, not from fan ev, because this will not do, for there are dairy farms and grain farms, one of which will not suit the other business ; and there are milk farms and market farms in the vicinity of cities,that can be carried on no where (due, and up on which other sorts of (arming will fail; but the kind of farming to be chosen must be that which can be ffftist profitably carried on under the circumstances and in locality. Grain growing and mix ed farming, including the rearing or purchasing or feeding of live stock, must necessarily form the largest branch of agricultural in dustry. As we have said, the one can not be conducted alone, but must be assisted by the other. It comes then to be a most impor taut consideration, what kinds of animals are the most profitable to keep, and how they are to be fed with most profit. —American Ay riruJtu tint. Corn Culture. The communication from W. F. 11. MeCJregor, lowa, in regard to keeping a corn crop up to fifty bushels per acre, published in last week's report, was answered by Dr. A. S. Heath, New York, who said that soil for corn should be dry, rich and well pulverized, liy using an abundant supply of new barn yard manure spread over the ground and turned under a week before planting, and adding a handful of plaster and wood ash e mixed, equal parts, in each hill, W . F. 11. will obtain fifty, sixty or more bushels per ncie, just in pro portion to the amount of manure applied, care bestowed in prepar iug th(> soil and the after tillage. Land can scarcely be too rich for corn. It is a grass feeding plant, taking freely from the soil tlieele ments of wliieli il is composed; therefore, concluded l)r. Heath, liberality in corn culture pays a good interest. A member who believed in le vel culture for corn and such pre para lion ol the ground as to re quirt' but little alter cultivation said that manure is a necessity to the corn lands in all the Eastern States. Upon rich lands of the West, it may not always pay, but it is idle in old States to plant corn without using fertilizers, lie applies barn yard manure,guano, bone dust,superphosphate and ev entiling of that kind which cm be economically obtained. For large corn fields some light horse hoe was advocated in place of the hand hoe, as one man with the former will do the work of ten with the latter. Begin to work tin* corn as soon as the rows show, using a subsoil plow, two furrows between each pair of rows, rim ning as you safely can to the corn, and follow with a horse hoe to brush over the unbroken surface and kill any remaining weeds,but leave the surface nearly or quite even. In two weeks repeat this operation, keeping further from the corn with the plow. Once .or twice thereafter run through tin* field with a cultivator or horse hoe, and if any seeds remain up root them with hand or hoe, but do not let a plow go down three inches below the surface after I lie plants are a foot high. I’lant corn “ when the leaves upon tin* oak t.iees are as large as the ears of th<* squirrels that sun them selves on the branches,” was a homely rule, handed down from I lie aborigines, and one of < aloe, tli<‘ mouther thought'. ,Vc> Yorl W,>,/</. harming on a Large Scale. I'lie Fargo Timm , Dakolah ter ritorv, gives .-111 account of what is known as the Dalrymple Farin, a tract o| 11,000 acres, situated about twenty miles west,of Fargo, Dakolah territory, on the line of the Northern I'acilic Kuiiroad. | owned by two New York men and Oliver Dalrytnple, the u wheat ! king” of Minnesota. Twelve linn | and red a (ires were broken in 1875 and sowed to wheat last year. jTliisyear there are 4,000 acres in | wheat, and a splendid crop it is too and 3,000 acres additional were broken this season for seed I ing ttexl year. Mr. Dalrymple also owns a half interest in what j is known its the Orandin Farm, a tract ol 40,000 acres just north of Elm river, in Traill county, Dako tab, 35 miles north of Fargo. The other owners are t he ( 1 randin bro thers, hankers of Tidionte, I'a. On Ibis farm t here are 3,500 acres in wheal this year, and some 3,000 acres broken for next year, fo harvest this crop of 7,500 acres on the two places, it requires Jg self binding reapers, 225 horses and mules, and 150 men. Nine steam threshers, each with a ca pacify ol 1,000 bushels per day, are now at work threshing' the grain. 111 addition to his interest in these two immense (arms. Mr. Dalrymple owns 2,000 acres ol land in Gottage Grove, Mintieso ta, near St. I’aul, 1,500 of which is in wheat,, so that either as sole or half owner, Mr. Dalrytnple is interested in 0,000 acre of wheat flu's year, which will lie increased to 15,000 acres next year. We may add I hat it is t he inten lion of the owners of these two huge farms to break on tin aver age about 5,000 acres each year, until the whole 51,000 acres are brought under cultivation. This i is the: second year of the enter ! prise, and so far the net profits have been over ten dollars per acre each year, for every acre tinder cultivation. I'liosi'ifvrK.s a Neckssitv. When phosphates fail at the root of the plant, grain fails at the mill; and when, from waste at Hie mill, phosphates fail in the ground, the bones and teeth fail in growing | bodies. The improvidence that leaves excretory phosphate- lobe washed awav to the salt sea fur <her from the reach of life than they w ere in the primitive rocks, is an improvidence that prepares an inheritance of poverty for af ter generations; and the ruthless ness that permits the purveyors ol food to sift phosphates from the food of man, does its part to enfeeble the present Sotrnec Monthly. dJf Much time, paper and in? have been expended to prove that wheat put in with a drill was ev-t er so much better than that sown broadcast and covered by harrow ing, and yet a series of experi-i incuts extending over a term ofj eight years, and carefuJ ly iTindacted on the Eastern \ I van in experimental *" prove that the broadcast has in every best, and produced the best not only of grain, but of stratfS Penn. 77 mes. I’icKLiNu Hkkk.— Boil four gafl lotis water with one and <li‘i\FhaM pounds brow n sugar or moid|H||f I wo ounces saltpetre and nineTjS | salt, until all are dissolved; s,Yjfl as fast as tin* scum rises; coolgMl brine or pickle t bus Iliads. the meat closely in a hai on tin 1 pickle, and keep the meat under it by means of a weight. I’his quantity is sufficient for an ordinary barrel of meat, 200 I closely packed, If In hull Whitewash.- -TulHj| barrel and slake a bushel of jfISH lime in it, by covering with boiling water. Arfl|||g|@ slaked, add cold water bring it to tin* consistency of good* whitewash ; then dissolve in wa ler and add one pound of white vitriol (sulphate of zinc) and one quart of line salt. This makes a whitewash that sticks as good as paint. It owes its durability eh icily to the white vitro], which hardens and fixes the wash. Smut in Wheat Wkevii,.— Make brine strong enough to float a tresh egg, soak your seed wheat tln-rein for six or eight hours.Hkim nil the limiting partieles, drain iu baskets, dry with air slaked lime or ashes. Sow in well prepared dry laud at any stage of the moon, and my word for it, that seed may I)il defiance fo smut. It may profit, somebody to know that pine lar distributed, gnd oc casionally renewed, in granaries oiid corn cribs, will both banish and prevent weevil.—Covrior .ton null. Railroad Disaster. IVI'TS V ll,l, K, I* A., Oct. 5.—A1l excursion train from the Benny packer reunion, near Swerksville, yesterday, on the Bickering val ley railroad, when near Phoenix ville, last night, between 9 and in o’clock, was badly wrecked by the rains washing out the track for sonic distance. There were a bout two hundred persons on the train. Up to 9.30 this morning, dispatches show that twelve per sons were killed, and about fifty wounded. Owing to confusion and excitement, it is impossible to obtain any news of the exact names ol the killed and wounded. Wii.minoton, Dei,.,Oct. s.— The accident tollie passenger train on the Wilmington and Northern rail mad last night was caused by the track being washed away above Ooatsville. The engine was up set, and the engineer, Amos Pea cock, filled, and the fireman bad Iv scalded. Fkknchtown, N. J., Oct. s. — The persons drowned in the wreck of the south bound Oswego and Phil adelphia express on the Helvidere division of the Pennsylvania rail road last night, were the engineer conductor and a lady passenger whose name is unknown. There 4 may be others. The train lies in the river some distance from the shore, where it was washed by the lon e of the current of The newsboy, baggage fireman, and several others, savedd I heir lives by swimmingand rearljfl ed the shore much exhausted. f For sale at this office]! W wmi-.u.'s IhooKAi'iiM Ai, Sketch ok Linton Ntkimik.ns —to be had at a reduced price. It is pronounc ed the most readable and instruct ing biography that has appeared since the war. ■ No. 10.